Exploring Rates of Earthquake Occurrence

Objective

1. Describe where earthquakes generally occur
2. Describe the frequency of occurrence for various sized earthquakes
3. Describe how regional tectonics affect distribution and frequency of earthquakes
4. Describe strengths and weaknesses of using historic Earthquake occurrence to “predict” future occurrences

Modeling Intraplate Earthquakes with Booby Trap

Intraplate earthquakes have long intrigued both students and educators. Classroom exploration of United State seismicity and hazards maps inevitably generates numerous questions from the learners regarding the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). Unfortunately, many earth science teachers are not prepared to exploit this interest by discussing the ongoing debate regarding the seismic hazard in the region. Instead, they are likely to respond to such questions by stating only that these issues are not well understood. Such a response is likely the result of two factors; 1) many teachers lack adequate knowledge of the current understanding of intraplate seismic zones and 2) teachers lack adequate instruction tools to convey such content to students. To empower teachers, this article summarizes ideas about the mechanisms of intraplate seismic zones and maps this to a physical model useful for exploring this phenomena and the debate surrounding it.

Exploring Plate Boundaries with Seismic Data

By the end of the exercise, students should be able to:
- Describe the basic properties of crustal rocks
• Predict how these properties affect interactions at plate boundaries
• Predict relative ages of crust based on rock properties and boundary interactions
- Use the IRIS Earthquake Browser to
• Explore current seismicity of the planet
• Explore the earthquake patterns at convergent and divergent plate boundaries
• Identify geomorphological features associated with plate boundaries
- Apply knowledge to identify a developing plate boundary
• Identify and describe earthquake pattern in East Africa
• Use evidence (seismicity and geomorphology) to determine the type of boundary in East Africa
• Make predictions about future geomorphology in the region

Volcano!

Students will understand the following:
1. Volcanic eruptions that take place near populated areas can be disastrous.
2. The level of destruction caused by a volcanic eruption depends on several factors, including the kind of volcano eruption and the speed at which the lava or ash flows.
3. Volcanic eruptions can often be predicted.
4. Measures can be taken to help people cope with the disaster of a volcanic eruption.

What’s Shakin’, Dude?

Students will create their own P- & S-wave travel chart and develop a better
understanding of the relationship between the two wave types, travel times, and travel distances.